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Technique: Observe system behavior over time using rolling windows or moving averages.

Rolling calculations help smooth short-term variation and reveal longer-term patterns.

A good dataset for this module:

  • contains observations ordered over time
  • includes repeated measurements

Example Systems

Website Visits

Possible fields:

  • timestamp
  • visits

Questions to explore:

  • What does a rolling average reveal about traffic trends?
  • Are there periods of unusually high activity?

Energy Demand

Possible fields:

  • timestamp
  • demand_mw

Questions to explore:

  • Do rolling averages reveal peak usage patterns?
  • Are there seasonal or daily cycles?

Public Transit Ridership

Possible fields:

  • date
  • rides

Questions to explore:

  • How does ridership change across days or weeks?
  • Do rolling averages reveal longer trends?

Application Response Time

Possible fields:

  • timestamp
  • latency_ms

Questions to explore:

  • Does system performance degrade during certain periods?
  • Do rolling metrics reveal slow trends not visible in individual observations?

Temperature Monitoring

Possible fields:

  • timestamp
  • temperature

Questions to explore:

  • How do rolling averages change across time?
  • Are there patterns across days or seasons?